A Quantitative Analysis
Since the launch of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health’s framework in 2010, addressing social determinants has become a key policy objective for health systems globally. This comprehensive report examines the crucial role of social capital—defined as the social relationships, trust, reciprocity, and networks in which people live and work—in improving health outcomes and equity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Social capital is identified as a unique determinant that intersects both structural and intermediary factors, influencing various socioeconomic outcomes such as economic growth, innovation, political governance, and crime. Despite its recognized importance, research on social capital’s impact on health in LMICs remains limited. This report addresses this gap by exploring the theoretical mechanisms through which social capital may influence health outcomes, including:
- Resource Access and Financial Barriers: Social capital can provide access to additional resources through informal channels, reducing financial barriers to healthcare utilization.
- Institutional Trust and Healthcare Utilization: Increased trust between individuals, communities, and healthcare providers can enhance individuals’ willingness to engage with the healthcare system.
- Social Participation and Mental Health: Higher levels of social participation and integration can positively impact mental health and resilience against psychological shocks.
- Health Information Access: Social networks can improve access to health-related information, influencing health behaviors.
The report highlights existing evidence on the relationship between social capital and health in LMICs and presents a quantitative analysis to examine this relationship further. It concludes with recommendations for development practitioners on designing and implementing social capital programs aimed at improving health outcomes and equity.
